引用本文
王存智, 张翔, 黄志忠, 宋世明, 鞠冬梅, 褚平利. 安徽省贵池地区中生代闪长玢岩脉捕获锆石年龄对江南过渡带基底性质的制约[J].中国地质调查, 2023,10(5): 71-81.
WANG Cunzhi, ZHANG Xiang, HUANG Zhizhong, SONG Shiming, JU Dongmei, CHU Pingli. The constraints of captured zircon ages from Mesozoic diorite porphyrite vein in Guichi area of Anhui Province on the basement nature of Jiangnan transitional zone[J].Geological Survey of China, 2023,10(5): 71-81.  
doi: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2023.05.09
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安徽省贵池地区中生代闪长玢岩脉捕获锆石年龄对江南过渡带基底性质的制约
王存智, 张翔, 黄志忠, 宋世明, 鞠冬梅, 褚平利
中国地质调查局南京地质调查中心,江苏 南京 210016
通信作者简介: 张翔(1988—),男,高级工程师,主要从事火山岩及地质遗迹调查工作。Email: 394264845@qq.com。

第一作者简介: 王存智(1983—),男,正高级工程师,主要从事构造地质调查工作。Email: 32107407@qq.com。

收稿日期: 2023-03-07 修回日期: 2023-08-23
基金资助: 中国地质调查局“重要陆块区区域地质调查(编号: DD20221633)”及“东南沿海火山岩区区域地质调查(编号: DD20230212)”项目联合资助
摘要

江南过渡带位于下扬子地区江南造山带北缘,为了探讨江南过渡带的基底性质,对贵池地区化芝里村中生代闪长玢岩脉中的捕获锆石进行了U-Pb测年和Hf同位素分析。结果显示: 贵池地区闪长玢岩脉锆石年龄分布较为分散,其中5颗原生锆石的加权平均年龄为(147.7±2.2) Ma,指示了岩脉的形成年龄; 捕获锆石中除一颗古太古代锆石年龄为(3 263±44) Ma外,其余锆石年龄主要分布在850~712 Ma、1 346~1 139 Ma、2 283~1 828 Ma 及2 944~2 302 Ma,与长江中下游平原发育的董岭岩群碎屑锆石的年龄分布一致。贵池地区闪长玢岩脉锆石的Hf同位素组成也与董岭岩群、崆岭岩群的岩石类似,与江南造山带基底岩石存在较大差别,指示了本区存在“江北式”基底,同时表明常州—崇阳断裂不适合作为下扬子地区“江北式”和“江南式”基底的界线,推测界线位于更靠南侧的江南断裂。研究有助于加深对下扬子地区构造格局的理解。

关键词: 江南过渡带; 基底性质; 闪长玢岩; 锆石U-Pb测年; Hf同位素
中图分类号:P597 文献标志码:A 文章编号:2095-8706(2023)05-0071-11
The constraints of captured zircon ages from Mesozoic diorite porphyrite vein in Guichi area of Anhui Province on the basement nature of Jiangnan transitional zone
WANG Cunzhi, ZHANG Xiang, HUANG Zhizhong, SONG Shiming, JU Dongmei, CHU Pingli
Nanjing Center, China Geological Survey, Jiangsu Nanjing 210016, China
Abstract

Jiangnan transitional zone is located in the northern margin of Jiangnan Orogenic belt of the lower Yangtze area. In order to investigate the basal nature of Jiangnan transitional zone, the authors conducted U-Pb chronology and Hf isotope analysis on captured zircons developed in the Mesozoic diorite porphyrite vein of Huazhili village in Guizhi area. The results show that these zircons have a relatively scattered age distribution, and the age-weighted average of the five primary zircons is (147.7±2.2) Ma, indicating the age of the vein formation. Except for the oldest one with the age of (3 263±44) Ma, the captured zircon ages are mainly distributed in 850~712 Ma, 1 346~1 139 Ma, 2 283~1 828 Ma and 2 944~2 302 Ma, which are consistent with the distribution ages of detrital zircons in Dongling Group of middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River. The zircon Hf isotopic compositions are similar to those in Dongling Group and Kongling Group rocks, which are different from the basement rocks of Jiangnan orogenic belt, indicating the existence of “Jiangbei”basement in this area. At the same time, Changzhou-Chongyang Fault cannot be used as the boundary between “Jiangbei”and “Jiangnan”basement in Lower Yangtze area, and it is predicted that the boundary is located in Jiangnan Fault, which is more to the south. This new understanding helps us to deepen our understanding of the tectonic pattern of Lower Yangtze area.

Keyword: Jiangnan transitional zone; basement nature; diorite porphyrite vein; zircon U-Pb chronology; Hf isotope
0 引言

下扬子地区具有“一盖多底”的特征[1], 前人根据基底物质成分的差异, 通常以崇阳—常州断裂为界将下扬子地区划分为“江南式”和“江北式”两种基底[1, 2]。崇阳—常州断裂以南的“江南式”基底以江南造山带的新元古代浅变质岩及花岗岩为代表, 断裂以北的“江北式”基底在长江中下游平原以江西星子杂岩和安徽董岭岩群为代表。但由于下扬子地区被古生界—中生界的巨厚沉积覆盖, 董岭岩群出露较少, 目前研究对于“江北式”基底分布范围和性质的认识远不如“江南式”基底[3]。此外, 前人对下扬子地区最古老基底时代和组成的推测来自中生代岩浆岩中零星分布的捕获锆石或继承锆石的年龄信息[4, 5, 6, 7, 8], 但这些数据尚不足以阐明其物质来源和基底信息。

本文在安徽省贵池地区化芝里村新发现了一处闪长玢岩脉, 在岩脉中采集了锆石样品, 通过对样品开展U-Pb测年及Hf同位素分析, 确定其形成时代和物质来源, 研究可为理解江南过渡带基底性质提供依据。

1 区域地质概况及样品特征

下扬子地区处于扬子板块东部, 其北西以郯庐断裂为界与大别造山带、华北板块相邻, 南以江山—绍兴断裂为界与华夏板块接壤[9]。下扬子地区一般以崇阳—常州断裂为界分为长江中下游平原和江南隆起带两个构造单元 [10, 11], 而江南隆起带包括新元古代基底广泛出露的江南造山带及其与长江中下游平原之间的江南过渡带, 两者之间被江南断裂分开(图1(a))[9]。

图1 下扬子地区构造单元略图(a)[11]及贵池地区地质简图(b)Fig.1 Tectonic sketch of Lower Yangtze area (a)[11] and geological sketch of Guichi area(b)

下扬子地区的地层主要由元古宇中—低级变质岩系、寒武系—中三叠统海相碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩、上三叠统—侏罗系陆相碎屑岩以及白垩系火山岩、红层等组成[9]。其中火山岩均形成于早白垩世, 成岩时代为135~125 Ma[8, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17]。侵入岩广泛发育, 成岩时代为152~101 Ma[18, 19]。

化芝里村位于江南过渡带内的贵池地区(图1(b)), 区内以早古生代沉积为主, NE向褶皱及断裂构造发育。燕山期岩浆作用强烈, 早期(148~136 Ma)以花岗闪长岩、闪长岩类为主, 一般为小规模的斑岩, 晚期(130~125 Ma)以规模较大的A型花岗岩类为主[20]。

化芝里村发育的闪长玢岩脉在河道内出露较好, 在河岸上可见岩脉沿志留系高家边组顺层侵入的接触界线(图2(a)), 志留统砂岩具有弱角岩化现象。闪长玢岩样品(D1804)采于河沟之中(图2(b)), 样品为斑状结构, 块状构造, 斑晶主要为斜长石、角闪石和少量黑云母, 基质主要为斜长石。显微镜下观察显示: 斑晶斜长石(10%)呈半自形粒状, 大多具有钠黝帘石化特征; 角闪石(7%)呈自形—半自形柱状, 大多具有绿泥石化特征; 黑云母(3%)呈半自形片状, 绿泥石化发育; 基质(80%)主要为隐晶质斜长石, 整体发育碳酸盐化(图2(c), (d))。

图2-1 贵池地区闪长玢岩野外及镜下照片Fig.2-1 Field and microscope photos of diorite porphyrites in Guichi area

图2-2 贵池地闪长玢岩野外及镜下照片
Pl.斜长石; Hbl.角闪石; Bt.黑云母; Mat.磁铁矿Fig.2-2 Field and microscope photos of diorite porphyrites in Guichi area

2 分析测试方法

锆石分选和阴极发光照相由南京宏创地质勘查技术服务有限公司完成, 使用环氧树脂制靶之后拍摄阴极发光(cathodoluminescence, CL)图像。 锆石U-Pb测年由中山大学广东省海洋资源与近岸工程重点实验室完成, 采用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱仪LA-ICP-MS分析, 激光剥蚀束斑直径为35 μm。测试数据由ICPMS DataCal软件处理完成[21, 22], 锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图绘制和加权平均年龄计算采用Isoplot 3.0[23]完成。

锆石Hf同位素测试由南京大学内生金属矿床成矿机制研究国家重点实验室完成。所用仪器为New Wave UP193激光剥蚀系统及其相连接的Thermo Neptune Plus多接收等离子体质谱仪, 激光束斑直径为44 μm, 采用MT作为外部标样, 176Hf/177Hf比值为0.282 530±0.000 030。εHf(t)计算采用的176Lu的衰变常数为1.865×10-11[24], 球粒陨石的176Hf/177Hf=0.282 772, 176Lu/177Hf=0.033 2[25]。亏损地幔Hf模式年龄(tDM1)采用176Hf/177Hf=0.283 251, 176Lu/177Hf=0.038 4[26], 二阶段Hf模式年龄(tDM2)采用平均大陆壳176Lu/177Hf=0.015计算[27]。

3 分析结果
3.1 锆石U-Pb年龄

闪长玢岩脉样品中锆石数量丰富, 锆石颗粒直径介于50~200 μm, 锆石形态结构呈短柱状、粒状、不规则状等, 除少数为自形—半自形外, 大部分呈中等—较高程度的磨圆。在锆石CL图像上可以看到, 锆石内部有的可见显著的核幔结构、条纹状结构和岩浆震荡环带结构(图3)。这些锆石结构特征反映了锆石来源的多样性, 且锆石在形成后可能经历了复杂的地质作用过程。

图3 贵池地区闪长玢岩锆石CL图像Fig.3 Zircons CL images of diorite porphyrite in Guichi area

本文对闪长玢岩脉样品中的120颗锆石开展了U-Pb测年, 获得了102个有效数据, 测试结果见表1和表2。锆石样品的Th、U含量分别为(29.8~490)×10-6和(30.6~3 142)×10-6, Th/U比值介于0.1~1.8, 指示了岩浆锆石成因。在锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图上, 本次测试的102个数据点均落在谐和线上(图4), 且分布较为分散。对于年龄大于1 000 Ma的锆石年龄本文选择207Pb/206Pb年龄(表1), 小于1 000 Ma的锆石年龄选择206Pb/238U年龄(表2)。5颗原生锆石的年龄介于151~144 Ma, 加权平均年龄为(147.7±2.2) Ma(NSWD=0.85, 图4), 指示了岩脉的形成年龄。

表1 贵池地区闪长玢岩脉207Pb/206Pb年龄数据 Tab.1 Zircon 207Pb/206Pb ages of diorite porphyrite vein in Guichi area
表2 贵池地区闪长玢岩脉206Pb/238Pb年龄数据 Tab.2 Zircon 206Pb/238Pb ages of diorite porphyrite vein in Guichi area

图4 贵池地区闪长玢岩脉锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图(a)及原生锆石加权平均年龄(b)Fig.4 Zircon U-Pb concordia diagram (a) and primary zircon weighted average age (b) of diorite porphyrite vein in the Guichi area

样品中除5颗原生锆石以外, 其余锆石均为捕获锆石, 其中一颗最古老的古太古代锆石的年龄为(3 263±44) Ma, 其他捕获锆石年龄可以分为4组。第一组年龄为850~712 Ma, 分析数据点11个, 年龄峰值约为825 Ma; 第二组年龄为1 346~1 139 Ma, 分析数据点3个, 加权平均年龄(1 255±95) Ma(NSWD=1.5); 第三组年龄为2 283~1 939 Ma, 分析数据点21个, 年龄峰值为2 035 Ma; 第四组年龄为2 944~2 302 Ma, 分析数据点62个, 年龄峰值为2 450 Ma。

3.2 锆石Hf同位素

对样品D1804进行了20个点位的锆石Hf同位素分析, 测试结果见表3。以测得的锆石U-Pb年龄进行计算, (176 Hf /177 Hf)i值为0.280 934~0.281 404, εHf(t)值为-12.19~-1.49, Hf同位素模式年龄tDM1为3 153~2 530 Ma, tDM2为3 690~2 925 Ma。

表3 贵池地区闪长玢岩脉锆石Hf同位素数据 Tab.3 Zircon Hf isotopic datas of diorite porphyrite vein in Guichi area
4 讨论
4.1 闪长玢岩脉形成时代

长江中下游平原广泛发育燕山期岩浆活动, 可以划分为4个阶段: 第一阶段148~136 Ma, 产物主要为发育在鄂东南、九瑞、铜陵、安庆等隆起区的侵入岩, 以高钾钙碱性系列的中酸性岩为主, 岩石类型包括辉石闪长(二长)岩-石英闪长(二长)岩-花岗闪长岩, 与区内铜、金多金属成矿密切相关[9, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35]; 第二阶段135~127 Ma, 岩浆活动主要发生在凹陷区, 包括金牛、怀宁、庐枞、繁昌、宁芜、溧阳和溧水盆地的火山岩及次火山岩[8, 12, 13, 14, 15, 36, 37], 与玢岩铁矿关系密切; 第三阶段127~123 Ma, 岩浆岩同时发育于隆起区和凹陷区, 岩石类型以正长花岗岩和正长岩为主, 属于A型花岗岩, 与小规模的热液型金矿和铀矿有关[38]; 第四阶段109~102 Ma, 岩浆活动仅发育在宁镇地区, 岩石类型以闪长岩-二长岩-花岗岩为主, 与铜、金多金属成矿相关[39]。

本文获得的闪长玢岩脉样品中原生锆石的年龄为(147.7±2.2) Ma, 代表了其形成年龄, 应为长江中下游平原燕山期第一阶段岩浆活动的产物。该期岩浆岩普遍具有高Sr/Y值、低Y以及富集Sr-Nd同位素的特征, 因此被认为形成于挤压转为拉张的构造背景下, 由热的玄武岩浆底侵引起下地壳加厚或拆沉, 并发生部分熔融[4, 40]。

4.2 化芝里闪长玢岩的物源

贵池地区闪长玢岩脉捕获锆石年龄谱显示(图5(a)), 锆石年龄有两个明显的峰值825 Ma和2 450 Ma, 及一个次峰2 035 Ma。其中新元古代锆石年龄峰值可能与扬子板块新元古代大规模花岗质岩浆活动密切相关, 而古元古代锆石的比例占大多数, 与董岭岩群变质岩碎屑锆石的年龄相似(图5(b)), 暗示董岭岩群可能为其物源。

图5 贵池地区闪长玢岩脉捕获锆石年龄谱(a)及扬子板块和董岭岩群碎屑锆石年龄谱[41](b)Fig.5 Cumulative probability of captured zircon ages for diorite porphyrite vein in Guichi area (a) and detrital zircon ages in Yangtze Plate and Dongling Complex[41] (b)

董岭岩群作为长江中下游成矿带出露较少的基底变质岩系之一, 长期以来得到众多学者的关注。邢凤鸣等[42]获得董岭岩群中斜长角闪岩的Sm-Nd 等时线年龄为(1 895±72) Ma; Grimmer等[43]通过单颗粒锆石蒸发法获得董岭岩群中钾长片麻岩的3组较为集中的年龄数据分别为(2 377±10)~(2 370±2) Ma、(2 016±6)~(1 971±6) Ma和(783±7)~(692±10) Ma, 并认为第一组年龄可能指示了原岩形成时代, 而后两组年龄可能代表了扬子板块基底固结时经历后期构造热事件改造的时代。Zhang等[41]和Chen等[3]通过对董岭岩群的锆石开展U-Pb-Hf-O同位素研究, 认为董岭岩群具有双层基底的物质表现形式, 即在古元古代变质基底上覆盖了新元古代变质沉积盖层。

研究区闪长玢岩脉锆石Hf同位素的εHf(t)值范围为-12.19~-1.49, 按照平均地壳的177Lu/176Hf值(0.015)演化至820 Ma时, 均低于江南造山带新元古代花岗岩的锆石Hf同位素组成, 而与董岭岩群中的锆石Hf同位素组成相似(图6)。在锆石年龄-εHf(t)图解中, 研究区样品几乎都落入了董岭岩群锆石Hf同位素组成范围内, 进一步表明贵池地区闪长玢岩脉来自于崆岭岩群和董岭岩群的古老地壳再造。

图6 贵池地区闪长玢岩锆石年龄-εHf(t)图解[3, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46]Fig.6 Zircon ages-εHf(t) diagram of diorite porphyrite in Guichi area[3, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46]

4.3 捕获锆石对江南过渡带基底性质的制约

下扬子地区可分为以新元古代浅变质岩及花岗岩为代表的“江南式”基底和以江西星子杂岩和安徽董岭岩群为代表的“江北式”基底[1, 2]。近年的研究表明, 星子杂岩可能是“江南式”基底的组成部分[47, 48, 49], 主要形成于新元古代[50], 而非古元古代[51]。

“江北式”和“江南式”基底之间的界线通常被认为是常州—崇阳断裂(中段为高坦断裂)[1, 2], 倘若如此, 位于高坦断裂与江南断裂之间的江南过渡带应为“江南式”基底。但贵池地区闪长玢岩脉中捕获锆石的U-Pb年龄及Hf同位素组成指示了崆岭岩群和董岭岩群的特征, 即“江北式”基底。因此, 本文推测“江北式”基底和“江南式”基底之间的界线可能位于更靠南的江南断裂(图1)。

5 结论

(1)贵池地区闪长玢岩脉中原生锆石的年龄为(147.7±2.2) Ma, 代表了其形成年龄, 为长江中下游平原燕山期第一阶段岩浆活动的产物。

(2)捕获锆石的U-Pb年龄及Hf同位素组成表明化芝里闪长玢岩脉来自于崆岭岩群和董岭岩群的古老地壳再造, 据此推测下扬子地区“江北式”基底和“江南式”基底之间界线可能为江南断裂。

(责任编辑: 魏昊明, 王晗)

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