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2019 Vol. 6, No. 4
Published: 2019-08-20
 
1 Progress and achievements in oil and gas geological survey and exploration of new strata in new area of Northern China
ZHOU Xingui, DU Zhili
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2019.04.01
“Tianshan-Xingmeng structural belt oil and gas foundation geological survey project” fully supported the scientific and technological battle of oil and gas investigation in the new strata and new area of Northern China. Deployment was carried out at three levels: the Northern Carboniferous-Permian, deep basin, and piedmont belt. Focusing on Northern Carboniferous-Permian, the authors identified the Carboniferous-Permian sedimentary sequence, restored the lithofacies palaeogeography and established the hydrocarbon accumulation models. And the strategic breakthrough targets were optimized to support the three important oil and gas breakthroughs in Juyanhai Depression, the front of Bogda Mountain in Southern Junggar Basin and Eastern Qaidam Basin. Reservoir conditions of deep Sinian-Lower Ordovician in Tarim Basin were evaluated, and then the structure and distribution of Sinian-Lower Ordovician basins have been ascertained. Also the planar distribution of source-reservoir-cap has been implemented, and the deep hydrocarbon accumulation model has been predicted. The authors positively prepared the exploration in the piedmont belt, and found out the tectonic framework of the northwestern margin of Tarim Basin and the conditions for the formation of Cambrian subsalt reservoirs preliminarily. A major breakthrough in oil and gas of new strata in new area has been achieved in Wensu uplift of Tarim Basin, and the oil and gas resources potential of Keping fault uplift has been preliminarily evaluated. These progresses have strongly supported the oil and gas reform of mining rights by original Ministry of Land and Resources in Xinjiang Province.
2019 Vol. 6 (4): 1-10 [Abstract] ( 376 ) RICH HTML PDF (7882 KB)  ( 731 )
11 New understanding of petroleum geological conditions of Wensu bulge in Tarim Basin, Xinjiang
YANG Youxing, GAO Yongjin, ZHANG Junfeng, ZHOU Xingui, ZHANG Jinhu, MIAO Miaoqing
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2019.04.02
In order to solve the key geological problems, such as the tectonic evolution, oil source conditions and the trap type in Wensu bulge, the authors ascertained the key factors of oil and gas accumulation and put forward the new cognitions about petroleum geology, through the comprehensive analysis of petroleum geological conditions and the results of sample test. The results show that Wensu bulge is an inherited developmental paleo-uplift, and the tectonic evolution has experienced four stages. Wensu bulge reservoir type is dominated by tectonic-lithologic types, without the development of source rocks, but it developed a high-efficiency system for communication with the hydrocarbon-rich sag in Baicheng. The reservoirs of Jidike Formation of the Neogene in Wensu bulge are dominated by tectonic-lithologic reservoirs. The hydrocarbon generation, migration and accumulation mainly occured in the Neogene-Quaternary, with obvious characteristics of late complex accumulation. The superior caprock conditions are important factors for the formation of reservoirs in Jidike Formation.
2019 Vol. 6 (4): 11-16 [Abstract] ( 370 ) RICH HTML PDF (7049 KB)  ( 307 )
17 Sedimentary environment of Upper Permian in Zhaheba Depression of Northern Xinjiang
WEN Lei, SUN Xiangcan, ZHOU Xingui, YI Li, LI Qingyao, GAO Yongjin, GONG Xiaoxing, GUO Kun
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2019.04.03
Zhaheba Depression is located between Altay Mountains and Junggar Basin, belonging to the Center Asian Orogeny belts. Zhaheba Depression has undergone the opening and closing phrases of the Junggar oceanic basin, which is rich in coal and metallic mineral resources, and has certain prospects for oil and gas exploration. Volcanic rocks and coal-bearing strata were well developed in this area, and the surface weathering and erosion were quite serious, which restricted the study of the stratigraphic characteristics and sedimentary environment. Through the test analysis of the trace element of the core samples of the well Xinfudi 1 in Zhaheba Depression, the authors thought that the Upper Permian in Zhaheba area was in a warm and humid freshwater sedimentary environment. And the sedimentary source of Zhangheba Depression mainly comes from the northeastern Altay Mountains and the southwestern Wulungu ancient land, and the depression belongs to the intermountain depression formed in the late Late Permian. This provides a basis for the subsequent study of the Late Permian tectonic-sedimentary evolution in the study area.
2019 Vol. 6 (4): 17-23 [Abstract] ( 355 ) RICH HTML PDF (7480 KB)  ( 165 )
24 Distribution of Jurassic strata in Southeastern Depression of Tarim Basin
SUN Zhichao, MIAO Miaoqing, WANG Jixun, CHENG Minghua, BAI Zhongkai, ZHANG Jinhu
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2019.04.04
Southeastern Depression is the southeastern part of Tarim Basin with low exploration degree. Jurassic strata are the main targets for exploration, and it is a key issue to make clear the distribution characteristics of Jurassic in Southeastern Depression for realizing oil and gas discovery. The authors analyzed the latest drilling data combined with the re-acquired and processed seismic, electrical profiles, drilling, well logs and outcrop information after 2015 to study the distribution range and thickness of Jurassic in southeastern Tarim Basin. The results showed that Jurassic strata were widespread in Southeastern Depression of Tarim Basin, while they were absent in the western part of Qiemo bulge locally. Jurassic strata were widely developed in Washixia sag, with huge thickness and broad distribution, and it was obviously thickened toward the piedmont of Altun Mountains. Therefore these strata could be regarded as the targets for oil and gas exploration in Southeastern Depression.
2019 Vol. 6 (4): 24-29 [Abstract] ( 302 ) RICH HTML PDF (7799 KB)  ( 138 )
30 Study on petroleum geological conditions of Yanqi uplift in Yanqi Basin
ZHANG Jinhu, GAO Yongjin, YANG Youxing, ZHOU Xingui, BAI Zhongkai, SUN Zhichao, JIN Yunyun, WANG Lixin
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2019.04.05
Yanqi Basin has experienced more than 20 years of exploration and development. However, there is an urgent need to explore new areas of oil and gas to relieve the pressure of increasing reserves and production. Yanqi uplift is the oil and gas prospective area of the basin. Through the drilling of well Xinyancan 1, the authors preliminarily analyzed the oil and gas geological conditions and found out that most of the Mesozoic strata were lost in this area, which means there were no oil sources or effective oil and gas migration channels. Therefore, no oil and gas was shown in the whole well. After discussion, it is considered that the possibility of oil and gas accumulation potential of the uplift area should be explored. The study on the structural evolution relationship between Yanqi uplift and Bohu depression should be strengthened to find effective channels for hydrocarbon migration and subtle reservoir, which would be of great significance to the exploration of Yanqi Basin in the future.
2019 Vol. 6 (4): 30-39 [Abstract] ( 297 ) RICH HTML PDF (11070 KB)  ( 275 )
40 Analysis on geological conditions of shale gas accumulation in Lower-Middle Jurassic strata of Southern Altyn Tagh
CHEN Yi, DU Zhili, KANG Zhihong, TIAN Ya
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2019.04.06
There are some thick layers of dark muddy-shale in Jurassic strata of Southern Altyn Tagh, which have high hydrocarbon potential and formation conditions of continental shale gas. So this area is an advantageous succession area for exploration. Based on the field geological investigation and sample collection and test,the distribution of Lower-Middle Jurassic sedimentary facies, organic geochemical characteristics, reservoir properties and exploration potential of shale gas in this area have been discussed in this paper. Organic rich shales were mainly developed in the shallow-deep lake and swamp environment. The shales distribute as NE trending with large single-layer and cumulative thickness. The kerogen types of organic matter are mainly Ⅱ1 and Ⅱ2. The total organic carbon (TOC) content varies from 0.55% to 10%, with the average of 2.28%. RO varies from 1% to 1.6%, with the average of 1.269%, from mature stage to high mature stage. These are the good hydrocarbon generating conditions for shale gas reservoir. The shales are characterized as high content of brittle minerals, more than 51%, which are conducive to hydraulic fracturing and shale gas exploitation. Shale reservoir developed micro pore and fracture that were shown under scanning electron microscope, which provided space and great migration channel for shale gas. For preliminary forecast, Yueyashan region with relatively weak rock deformation is favorable exploration area of shale gas.
2019 Vol. 6 (4): 40-50 [Abstract] ( 295 ) RICH HTML PDF (9872 KB)  ( 134 )
51 Shale gas adsorption characteristics and influencing factors of Taiyuan Formation in Eastern Ordos Basin
XIONG Quan, PENG Yuan, TANG Youjun, CHEN Tianyu, MAO Yahui
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2019.04.07
Taiyuan Formation in Eastern Ordos Basin develops a set of potential hydrocarbon source rocks in Suide area of the study area. Its total organic carbon content is between 0.75% and 5.71%, with an average content of 2.75%, and its organic maturity (Ro) is mainly between 1.43% and 2.12%, with an average of 1.80%. It is in the stage of high maturity to over maturity and has a good gas potential. In order to study the adsorption characteristics of shale from Taiyuan Formation in Eastern Ordos Basin, 10 shale samples from well SSD1 in the study area were selected for isothermal adsorption, total organic carbon content, vitrinite reflectance, X-ray diffraction and specific surface area test. On this basis, the adsorption capacity and the influencing factors of organic-rich shale from Taiyuan Formation in Eastern Ordos Basin were discussed. The results show that the Langmuir volume of 10 shale samples from Taiyuan Formation of well SSD1 in the study area is 1.11-2.41 m3/t. With the increase of pressure, the adsorption capacity increases rapidly and reaches saturation at a certain pressure. The adsorption capacity of shale is positively correlated with the total organic carbon content and clay mineral content, while the specific surface area of shale is not significantly correlated with Langmuir volume. It is possible that the pore size and morphology of the sample have some influence on gas diffusion and adsorption. The comprehensive evaluation shows that the total organic carbon content and clay mineral content are important factors affecting the adsorption capacity of shale in Taiyuan Formation, which can provide some reference for shale gas exploration in the eastern part of the basin.
2019 Vol. 6 (4): 51-57 [Abstract] ( 323 ) RICH HTML PDF (3996 KB)  ( 228 )
58 Drilling technology of well Xinwudi1 in oil and gas geological survey of Tarim Basin
ZHANG Tongde, LI Zhengqian, JIANG Bing, LUO Hongbao
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2019.04.08
Well Xinwudi1 is located in Wushixi tectonic belt on the northwestern margin of Tarim Basin. The fault was well developed, and the reference materials from adjacent wells were lacking. The regional geological survey is not thorough and the formation is extremely complex, with leakage, fragmentation and diameter reduction, which brings great challenges to drilling construction. In order to solve the problems, such as the lack of basis for well structure design, the extremely complex formation and the difficulty of handling accidents, several key technologies such as super-pilot open hole drilling, deep overburden plugging, serious in-well accident handling and complex formation drilling fluid retaining wall have been applied. These technologies have helped reduce the construction cost. The drilling technology system has been developed and is suitable for the small-diameter oil and gas survey well with complex strata in the southwestern and southeastern depression of Tarim Basin. It will provide reference for similar drilling construction in this area in the future.
2019 Vol. 6 (4): 58-63 [Abstract] ( 282 ) RICH HTML PDF (2867 KB)  ( 160 )
64 Acquisition test for CEMP in Zhagegaonao Basin of Beishan area
XU Haihong, LU Jincai, LIU Jianli, HAN Xiaofeng, CHEN Xiaolong, ZHANG Quan
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2019.04.09
In order to determine the field acquisition parameters of electrical collection in Beishan area, and carry out CEMP exploration effectively and reasonably, the authors took Zhagegaonao Basin as an example and set up series of experimental research work on collecting parameters according to different factors affecting field data collection. The data acquisition results for each parameter were analyzed through comparison of the apparent resistivity curves, and the appropriate electrode spacing and acquisition time were also determined. According to the comprehensive research, the electrode spacing in the study area should be 100 m, and it can be shortened appropriately in some harsh areas, with the minimal value of 70 m. The effective acquisition time in the field is 12 hours, and it should not be less than 8 hours in some special cases. The acquisition time should be extended appropriately in interference areas. The authors also summarized and analyzed the quality control countermeasures and improvement measures in different situations that affect the quality of field data collection, such as grounding resistance and wind interference. The field section interpretation shows that CEMP can reveal the main strata distribution and reflect the structural characteristics of the study area. The results of this paper can provide a basis for CEMP exploration and deployment of Mesozoic basins in Beishan area.
2019 Vol. 6 (4): 64-72 [Abstract] ( 298 ) RICH HTML PDF (7261 KB)  ( 125 )
73 Source rocks characteristics and exploration potential analysis in Heshituoluogai Basin
SUN Xiangcan, WEN Lei, ZHANG Lin, YI Li, JIANG Kunpeng, XIONG Zhengrong
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2019.04.10
Previous research work was mainly focused on central-eastern Heshituoluogai Basin, and there was almost no exploration work in the western part. Through the field geological survey, sample collection, test and analysis work, the source rocks characteristics and exploration potential of Heshituoluogai Basin were evaluated. The results show that three source rocks were developed in this basin, Devonian, Carboniferous and Jurassic. Jurassic is the main hydrocarbon source rock in the basin, followed by Devonian and Carboniferous source rocks. Comprehensive oil geological condition analysis shows that Heshituoluogai Basin has certain potential, and the Baiyanghe Sag and south slope are favorable exploration areas, which can provide some instructions and basis for next exporation.
2019 Vol. 6 (4): 73-78 [Abstract] ( 303 ) RICH HTML PDF (5130 KB)  ( 155 )
79 Progress of Carboniferous oil and gas survey in Qaidam Basin
LI Zongxing, PENG Bo, MA Yinsheng, HU Junjie, WEI Xiaojie, MA Licheng, FANG Xinxin, YANG Yuanyuan, LIU Kui
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2019.04.11
Carboniferous in Qaidam Basin is a new field for marine oil and gas exploration. Based on the investigation of Carboniferous oil and gas geological conditions, the resource potential is evaluated to provide a scientific basis for seeking oil and gas strategic succession areas. With Carboniferous system in Qaidam Basin as the main target, based on investigation and research, the first carbonaceous oil flow in Qaidam Basin was obtained, and the important discovery of oil and gas in Paleozoic marine strata in Qaidam Basin was obtained. Through comprehensive regional survey, balanced profile inversion, vitrinite reflectance and other comprehensive analyses, the authors assertained the main tectonic movement periods in Qaidam Basin. Through basin simulation techniques, reconstruction of the burial history of Carboniferous system, and analyses of oil and gas geochemical index of Carboniferous source rocks in Delingha depression of Qaidam Basin, the authors studied the evolution history of hydrocarbon generation from source rocks. The results show that Carboniferous source rocks in Delingha depression of Qaidam Basin are widely developed, with high abundance of organic matter and great burial depth without metamorphism, and these rocks are in mature-high maturity stage. The burial history of Carboniferous in Delingha depression is mainly characterized by rapid burial period, stable period and strong uplifting and erosion period. The history of subsidence and uplift-erosion has been different since Cenozoic. The thermal evolution history of Carboniferous source rocks is mainly charactered by “secondary hydrocarbon generation and late hydrocarbon generation”, which is mainly controlled by the tectonic movements in this area. The overall thermal evolution of Qaidam Basin is slowly decreasing, mainly controlled by the magmatic thermal events and tectonic activities in Qaidam Basin. The investigation results show that the new layer of Carboniferous has good oil and gas conditions and broad resource prospects, which is the successive layer for following exploration in Qaidam Basin.
2019 Vol. 6 (4): 79-87 [Abstract] ( 324 ) RICH HTML PDF (8027 KB)  ( 124 )
88 Main controlling factors and accumulation model of Jurassic coalbed methane in Muli Basin
TIAN Ya, DU Zhili, ZHANG Wenlong, CHEN Yi
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2019.04.12
The demand for natural gas is increasing yearly, therefore it is urgent to find an alternative energy for conventional natural gas. The Middle-Lower Jurassic in Muli Basin is rich in coal resources with thick coalbeds and huge coalbed methane potential. In this paper, field geological survey, sample analysis tests, drilling and logging data and gas content on-site analysis were used to study the occurrence characteristics, reservoir conditions, main controlling factors and coalbed methane accumulation models of Muli Formation in Muli Basin. The results show that the thickness of the coalbeds in Muli Basin is great, and the burial depth is moderate. The coalbeds are mainly composed of gas coal and coking coal and are in the middle-high metamorphism stage. Gas content in Muli Formation coal is relatively high. The potential of coalbed methane resources is good. The metamorphic degree of coalbeds and the sealing capacity of the top and bottom barriers control the enrichment of coalbed methane. The accumulation models of Jurassic coalbed methane in Muli Basin are mainly gentle syncline and large monoclinic structures. The research of these controlling factors and accumulation models will provide references and basis for further coalbed methane exploration and exploitation in Muli Basin.
2019 Vol. 6 (4): 88-94 [Abstract] ( 276 ) RICH HTML PDF (7796 KB)  ( 326 )
95 Source rock evaluation and gas genesis of well Yican 1 in Southeastern Ordos Basin
LIU Lihong, ZHOU Xingui, ZHAO Shengmin, DU Zhili, TIAN Ya, HAN Miao
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2019.04.13
A breakthrough in natural gas exploration has been made in well Yican 1 of Southeastern Ordos Basin, while the hydrocarbon potential of its source rocks hasn’t been studied. Several source rock samples collected from Shanxi and Majiagou Formation were used for relative study. The results show that the TOC content of four mudstone samples from Shanxi Formation varies from 0.54% to 2.31%, with the average content of 1.65%. (S1+S2) value varies from 0.12 mg/g to 0.46 mg/g, with the average value of 0.34 mg/g. Shanxi Formation mudstone source rocks have a high abundance of organic matter and strong hydrocarbon generation potential. The TOC content of dolomitic (calcareous) mudstones from Majiagou Formation varies from 0.09% to 0.33%, with the average content of 0.17%. (S1+S2) value varies from 0.03 mg/g to 0.17mg/g, with the average value of 0.12mg/g, which is evaluated to be poor to non-hydrocarbon source rocks. The compositions of carbon isotope in CH4 and C2H6 were compared, and the results show that well Yican 1 has the characteristic of δ13C1>δ13C2, which indicates that the natural gas is mainly coal type gas mixed by a small amount of oil type gas. And the coal type gas is mainly from the coal layers of Upper Paleozoic, whereas the oil type gas is mainly from premium marine facies source rocks of Taiyuan Formation in Upper Paleozoic. The investigation of the hydrocarbon potential and gas genesis of Ordovician Majiagou Formation is favorable to study its gas generation and formation characteristics, and it is of great significance to the study of gas field formation model, resource prospects and exploration.
2019 Vol. 6 (4): 95-103 [Abstract] ( 275 ) RICH HTML PDF (3043 KB)  ( 201 )
104 Petroleum exploration prospects and favorable zone evaluation in Muyuan sag of Hailaer Basin
YI Li
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2019.04.14
Muyuan sag, with low exploration and research degree, has no great progress in petroleum exploration. Therefore, field geological survey, re-examination on old wells and organic geochemistry work were performed to investigate the oil and gas potential and exploration prospects. The petroleum geological condition was analyzed: ①Muyuan sag has dustpan-like feature with single fault and the sag consists of three structure zones—abrupt slope zone, deep sag zone and gentle gradient zone. ②Three effective source rocks, Damoguaihe Formation, Nantun Formation and Xing’anling Group, were developed. Nantun Formation and Damoguaihe Formation deposited thickly, distributed widely and maturated well with good organic type (II1-I). These two formations also have high organic abundance, superior hydrocarbon generation potential with mature thermal evolution and they are major source rocks in the basin. Xing’ anling Group has high organic abundance and are in high-over maturity, with limited thickness and distribution, but it is still valuable source rocks. ③There exist three source-reservoir-cap rock associations in the basin, which are the self-source and self-reservoir or the upper-source and lower-reservoir type of Xing’ anling Group, the self-source and self-reservoir type of Nantun Formation and Damoguaihe Formation, the lower-source and upper-reservoir type of Yimin Formation. Compared with the reservoir formation law of dustpan-like feature with single fault in high-exploration area, combined with the geological characters in Muyuan sag, the hydrocarbon accumulation pattern was established. Based on the primary play assessment, two favorable exploration areas and targets were proposed.
2019 Vol. 6 (4): 104-110 [Abstract] ( 288 ) RICH HTML PDF (5697 KB)  ( 190 )
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